What is Seasonal Affective Disorder?
If you’re noticing changes in a loved one as the seasons change, they may have seasonal affective disorder (SAD). What does this diagnosis entail?
SAD is a mood disorder that is characterized by depression and occurs at the same time every year. Patients with this diagnosis often begin experiencing symptoms in the fall/winter, as there is less daylight during these seasons. Patients usually experience relief in the spring.
Scientists believe that SAD is a result of reduced levels of serotonin, a chemical in the brain that regulates mood. Sunlight can impact serotonin levels, which is why SAD patients experience episodes in the fall/winter. Furthermore, those with SAD overproduce melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep. It is also said that a vitamin D deficiency can exacerbate the patient’s episodes.
On a case to case basis, SAD can vary in severity. Some patients may only feel a brief period of sadness, while others experience a long list of symptoms that require treatment.
The Symptoms
SAD is generally characterized by the following symptoms:
- Sadness
- Anxiety
- Mood swings
- Loss of interest in things the patient typically enjoys
- Fatigue
- Low energy levels
- Insomnia or sleep deprivation
- Social withdrawal
- Difficulty concentrating
- Appetite loss or changes
Seeking Treatment
To receive a formal diagnosis, you must see a healthcare professional. If a patient experiences the majority of the symptoms listed above and has depressive episodes during the same seasons for two consecutive years, they likely have SAD. With a formal diagnosis, healthcare professionals can move forward with treatment.
Every patient is different. Therefore, what works for one patient may not work for the other. Fortunately, there are treatment options for those struggling with SAD:
- Physical activity like exercise or sports
- Talk therapy or cognitive behavioral therapy
- Medication like antidepressants
- Light therapy
Do you think you may have SAD? At Geo Psychological Testing, our professionals specialize in a variety of psychological assessments. Schedule an appointment with one of our professionals today!
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